Native plants are adapted to a specific area and consequently well-suited to the growing conditions there. A native landscape has balance between the animals and plants enabling them to co-exist. Once established, native plants require less supplemental water, fertilizer, pest management and overall maintenance than non-natives. Less human interference equals greater biodiversity.
Native habitats are beneficial as a food source for wildlife. Some species of wildlife are non-specific in what types of plants they prefer, while others require certain types of plants. Incorporating a variety of native plants will encourage more diversity of wildlife to your landscape. Here are a few natives to consider for a permaculture landscape. Always use caution when harvesting plants for edible use. Ensure proper identification and preparation to prevent a negative reaction.
Bee balm (Monarda fistulosa) grows two to three feet tall and wide. The tubular-shaped pink/purple blooms appear in June through August attracting bees, hummingbirds and butterflies. Leaves have been used for herbal teas.
Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) has fall and winter interest with the bloom of yellow flowers which are great for feeding bees. This large shrub can reach 15-20 feet and prefers a moist, shaded location. The late fall blooms attract bees. The leaves and bark have medicinal value.
False indigo (Baptisia australis) is an herbaceous perennial that reaches over three feet in height and width. It prefers full sun and is a nitrogen fixer. The lovely summer blooms are inviting to butterflies and bees.
Serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea) is native to eastern Kansas and produces fruit that resembles the taste of blueberries in mid-summer. Reaching 20 feet in height, these trees make great specimens and can reach 15 to 25 feet tall producing white blooms in April.
When establishing native plants in the landscape consider these tips:
- Choose plants that naturally grow in the habitats available in your landscape. This includes consideration of the microclimates caused by shade, wind, slope, etc. as well.
- Use the local native plant organizations for region-specific advice.
- Purchase native plants locally from a reputable source.
- Manage the native landscape with as little interference as possible including:
- No fertilizer
- No herbicides
- Water to establish and then limit.
- Apply mulch at planting to reduce the amount of weed competition.
Balance is important. There is no need to remove exotic or alien plants from the permaculture landscape unless they are problematic to the goals of the area. There is certainly room for introduced plants that bring you joy alongside regional natives. (Cynthia Domenghini)